Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2026
The Munich Laser Center's foundational contributions to photobiomodulation: A historical perspective on the transition from esoteric to evidence-based medicine.
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Batash Ron, Asali Murad, Ron Guy N, Pelles Sharon
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Photobiomodulation (PBM) has evolved from experimental observations in the 1960s to an evidence-based therapeutic modality recommended in clinical practice guidelines. While historical reviews appropriately recognize Endre Mester's pioneering work and document the field's global expansion, a critical intermediate phase remains underrepresented: the systematic scientific validation that transformed PBM from "esoteric medicine" to mainstream clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: To document the Munich Laser Center's foundational contributions during the late 1990s that addressed key scientific gaps preventing clinical acceptance of photobiomodulation, particularly in oncology applications.
METHODS: Historical analysis of the Munich Laser Center's systematic research program (1997-2000) examining their contributions to safety validation, mechanistic understanding, and clinical translation of photobiomodulation therapy.
KEY FINDINGS: Between 1997 and 2000, the Munich group led by Moshe Schaffer and Ronald Sroka under the direction of Alfons Hofstetter published the first systematic comparison of laser effects on normal versus tumor cells (1997), establishing safety for oncological applications; the first wavelength-specific biomodulation studies across multiple cellular systems (1999), providing empirical basis for parameter selection; the first MRI documentation of laser-induced physiological changes (2000), offering objective in vivo validation; and the first clinical imaging studies demonstrating therapeutic effects in cancer patients (2000). Their introduction of "biomodulation" terminology (1997) anticipated the field's 2016 adoption of "photobiomodulation" nomenclature.
IMPACT: The Munich group's safety data enabled current clinical applications of PBM in oncology supportive care, now supported by Level I evidence and recommended in MASCC/ISOO guidelines for oral mucositis prevention. Their systematic approach to wavelength selection, mechanistic validation, and objective endpoint measurement established methodological standards that transformed PBM from alternative to evidence-based medicine.
CONCLUSION: The Munich Laser Center's work represents a pivotal but underrecognized chapter in PBM history-the phase that provided the scientific rigor necessary for clinical guideline development and mainstream medical acceptance. Recognition of these contributions serves both historical accuracy and scientific ethics, ensuring that this critical transitional period is preserved in the field's historical narrative.
OBJECTIVE: To document the Munich Laser Center's foundational contributions during the late 1990s that addressed key scientific gaps preventing clinical acceptance of photobiomodulation, particularly in oncology applications.
METHODS: Historical analysis of the Munich Laser Center's systematic research program (1997-2000) examining their contributions to safety validation, mechanistic understanding, and clinical translation of photobiomodulation therapy.
KEY FINDINGS: Between 1997 and 2000, the Munich group led by Moshe Schaffer and Ronald Sroka under the direction of Alfons Hofstetter published the first systematic comparison of laser effects on normal versus tumor cells (1997), establishing safety for oncological applications; the first wavelength-specific biomodulation studies across multiple cellular systems (1999), providing empirical basis for parameter selection; the first MRI documentation of laser-induced physiological changes (2000), offering objective in vivo validation; and the first clinical imaging studies demonstrating therapeutic effects in cancer patients (2000). Their introduction of "biomodulation" terminology (1997) anticipated the field's 2016 adoption of "photobiomodulation" nomenclature.
IMPACT: The Munich group's safety data enabled current clinical applications of PBM in oncology supportive care, now supported by Level I evidence and recommended in MASCC/ISOO guidelines for oral mucositis prevention. Their systematic approach to wavelength selection, mechanistic validation, and objective endpoint measurement established methodological standards that transformed PBM from alternative to evidence-based medicine.
CONCLUSION: The Munich Laser Center's work represents a pivotal but underrecognized chapter in PBM history-the phase that provided the scientific rigor necessary for clinical guideline development and mainstream medical acceptance. Recognition of these contributions serves both historical accuracy and scientific ethics, ensuring that this critical transitional period is preserved in the field's historical narrative.