Laryngeal Manifestations of Rheumatic Disease.

Rheumatologic diseases are systemic, immune-mediated disorders that frequently involve the larynx, producing manifestations that range from subtle dysphonia to life-threatening airway obstruction. Laryngeal involvement may precede systemic disease, progress despite adequate systemic control, or be the sole presenting feature of active disease. Diagnosis relies on flexible laryngoscopy with disease-specific serology and biopsy when indicated. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics such as rituximab form the foundation of medical therapy, while surgery ranges from serial endoscopic dilation to open reconstruction, with many patients requiring repeated procedures. A multidisciplinary approach optimizes airway, voice, and swallowing outcomes.