Frontiers in psychology · 2026
How do Dark Triad traits predict workplace deviance? The moderating role of perceived organizational power distance and the mediating role of ingratiation.
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Tamura Ayame
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Dark Triad traits have been consistently associated with workplace deviance; however, research examining how organizational conditions shape the expression of these traits is still developing.
OBJECTIVES: Drawing on Trait Activation Theory, this study examined whether power distance climate (i.e., an organizational climate characterized by authority, managerial control, and employee obedience) moderates the relationship between the Dark Triad and workplace deviance. Additionally, we examined the mediating effect of ingratiation as a process of the Dark Triad and power distance climate through deviance.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 387 (men = 203, Mage = 41.90 ± 10.77) Japanese employees, who completed measures of Dark Triad, power distance climate, ingratiation, workplace bullying, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) were analyzed.
RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the main effect of psychopathy and power distance climate on both workplace bullying and CWB was significant. The main effect of Machiavellianism and narcissism on deviance was limited. Furthermore, the interaction between narcissism and power distance climate was significant. A positive association between narcissism and bullying was found under high levels of power distance climate, whereas negative associations between narcissism and both bullying and CWB were observed under low levels of power distance climate. Additionally, the indirect effects of ingratiation through Machiavellianism, narcissism, and power distance climate on workplace bullying were significant. The direct effect of psychopathy on workplace bullying remained in the mediation model.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that perceived organizational environments may facilitate or constrain the expression of the Dark Triad traits, whereas ingratiation may represent an interpersonal factor through which these traits and environments contribute to workplace deviance.
OBJECTIVES: Drawing on Trait Activation Theory, this study examined whether power distance climate (i.e., an organizational climate characterized by authority, managerial control, and employee obedience) moderates the relationship between the Dark Triad and workplace deviance. Additionally, we examined the mediating effect of ingratiation as a process of the Dark Triad and power distance climate through deviance.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 387 (men = 203, Mage = 41.90 ± 10.77) Japanese employees, who completed measures of Dark Triad, power distance climate, ingratiation, workplace bullying, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) were analyzed.
RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the main effect of psychopathy and power distance climate on both workplace bullying and CWB was significant. The main effect of Machiavellianism and narcissism on deviance was limited. Furthermore, the interaction between narcissism and power distance climate was significant. A positive association between narcissism and bullying was found under high levels of power distance climate, whereas negative associations between narcissism and both bullying and CWB were observed under low levels of power distance climate. Additionally, the indirect effects of ingratiation through Machiavellianism, narcissism, and power distance climate on workplace bullying were significant. The direct effect of psychopathy on workplace bullying remained in the mediation model.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that perceived organizational environments may facilitate or constrain the expression of the Dark Triad traits, whereas ingratiation may represent an interpersonal factor through which these traits and environments contribute to workplace deviance.