Optical demodulation and multi-dimensional identification via a monolithic perovskite heterojunction.

Position sensitive detectors (PSDs) based on the lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) are distinguished by their non-contact sensing capabilities and exceptional self-powered properties, showcasing significant potential for diverse applications. However, the development of high-performance detectors that meet the demands of intelligent perception, particularly those capable of acquiring complex information from optical fields, remains a significant challenge. In this work, we propose a PSD utilizing an ITO/MAPbI3:P(VDF-TrFE)/Si heterojunction, which successfully achieves a broadband self-powered response ranging from 405 to 1064 nm. The modulation of the pyroelectric field enables a position sensitivity (PS) of 688.10 mV/mm, representing a substantial enhancement of 144.13 %. Simultaneously, the pyroelectric effect is found to significantly enhance the wavelength resolution. The device effectively decodes the digital information encoded with position-related ASCII code by directly evaluating the lateral photovoltage (LPV) values of the PSD across the visible to near-infrared spectrum, facilitating position and wavelength-resolved photoelectric demodulation. Furthermore, the PSD can mutually distinguish the wavelength, position, and intensity of incident light based on the LPV values and their enhancement ratios, without the need for additional systems, thus enabling the identification and coding of multi-dimensional optical information.