Fully Polarimetric Radar Cross-Section and High-Resolution Range Profile Co-Modulation via Diversely Time-Modulated Metasurface.

Advanced polarimetric radar systems, capable of capturing the full scattering matrix of targets, present significant challenges to electronic countermeasures (ECM). Although programmable metasurfaces offer a platform for electromagnetic manipulation, existing designs struggle to achieve simultaneous, diverse control over fully polarimetric radar cross section (RCS) and high-resolution range profile (HRRP). To address these limitations, a novel diversely time-modulated metasurface (DTMM) is proposed. The integrated two anti-parallel PIN diodes in each DTMM element enable reconfigurable polarization conversion and wideband stable 1-bit phase shift. A specially engineered time-varying circuit enables the generation of unipolar/bipolar pulsed voltages with customizable amplitudes, facilitating diversely temporal modulation. Based on this architecture, we further establish the corresponding time-modulated theory and demonstrate its fully polarimetric RCS and HRRP co-modulation capability. Experimental results from a fabricated prototype show well agreement with simulations and theory, validating its ability to generate diverse jamming effects. This work provides a reliable and versatile platform for countering new-generation polarimetric radars, significantly advancing the radar jamming technology.