International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) by the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS) and Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI).

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a prevalent potentially blinding retinal vascular disease, with secondary macular edema, retinal ischemia, and ocular neovascular complications posing substantial threats to visual function. Supported by members of the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS) and Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI), a consensus and guideline is provided a comprehensive update on the etiology, diagnosis and management of RVO. An updated consensus was judged necessary following numerous recent results from epidemiology studies, evolution of advanced imaging technologies and novel pharmacotherapeutics from clinical trials, including an expanding portfolio of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, drug delivery systems, and emerging evidence on relevant artificial intelligence. The formulation of these consensus statements were based on the review and discussion of a systematic search for the latest evidence-based data and voting by an International Panel of Experts (IPE) in the following key areas: I) Diagnostic controversies around classification systems and imaging modalities; II) Treatment controversies regarding anti-VEGF therapy, corticosteroid treatments, laser therapy, and surgical interventions; III) Management paradigm between standardized protocols from clinical trials and individualized approaches and IV) Emerging controversies in novel therapeutics. The primary goal was to furnish ophthalmologists with standardized, yet individualized, management protocols to try to optimize treatment safety and efficacy, ensuring alignment with contemporary clinical practices in the Asia-Pacific region.