European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
Characterization of acute dengue immune status and serotype surveillance in three regions of Burkina Faso: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
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Belem Louis Robert Wendyam, Zongo Arsène, Yao Raymond Karlhis, Lankouande Christelle Adelaide Zilsamba, Taïta Armand Vital Wenceslas, Ouédraogo Tarwendpanga François Xavier, Kabore Benewêndê Philippe, Bamogo Abdoul, Kabore Benewêndê Philippe, Bamogo Abdoul, de Souza Raïssa Muriel, Kouadima Yacouba, Tialla Dieudonné, Kaboré Antoinette, Sanou Adama
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: In recent years, dengue has become a significant public health concern in Burkina Faso, associated with severe disease and death. Rapid characterization of acute dengue serostatus is useful for identifying patients at risk, informing transmission dynamics, and supporting public health decision-making. This study aimed to characterize dengue immune status in three regions of Burkina Faso to inform pre-vaccination screening, evaluate a commercial combined DENV NS1, IgM, and IgG rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit, and investigate DENV serotype circulation.
METHODS: A multicenter study was conducted between 2023 and 2025 in Bobo-Dioulasso, Houndé, Ouagadougou, and Gaoua. Blood samples were collected from patients with suspected dengue. Acute DENV infections and serotypes were identified using real-time RT-PCR, and immune status was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to WHO criteria. Serum samples were screened using the reference standard (RT-PCR combined with ELISA) to evaluate the performance of a commercial DENV NS1, IgM, and IgG RDT kit in characterizing dengue immune status.
RESULTS: Primary dengue accounted for 75.9%, 80.4%, and 71.4% in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. The sensitivity of the RDT for determining primary and post-primary dengue during the first 5 days of illness was 93.3% and 94.7%, respectively. DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 accounted for 47.0%, 5.6%, and 47.4% of cases, respectively. DENV-4 was not detected. The diagnostic specificity of the RDT for both primary and post-primary dengue was 100%.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary dengue cases predominated, while severe dengue was associated with post-primary infection. The RDT proved to be a useful point-of-care tool for discriminating dengue immune status. DENV-3 and DENV-1 were the predominant serotypes driving recent transmission dynamics. The findings may help inform future vaccination strategies.
METHODS: A multicenter study was conducted between 2023 and 2025 in Bobo-Dioulasso, Houndé, Ouagadougou, and Gaoua. Blood samples were collected from patients with suspected dengue. Acute DENV infections and serotypes were identified using real-time RT-PCR, and immune status was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to WHO criteria. Serum samples were screened using the reference standard (RT-PCR combined with ELISA) to evaluate the performance of a commercial DENV NS1, IgM, and IgG RDT kit in characterizing dengue immune status.
RESULTS: Primary dengue accounted for 75.9%, 80.4%, and 71.4% in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. The sensitivity of the RDT for determining primary and post-primary dengue during the first 5 days of illness was 93.3% and 94.7%, respectively. DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 accounted for 47.0%, 5.6%, and 47.4% of cases, respectively. DENV-4 was not detected. The diagnostic specificity of the RDT for both primary and post-primary dengue was 100%.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary dengue cases predominated, while severe dengue was associated with post-primary infection. The RDT proved to be a useful point-of-care tool for discriminating dengue immune status. DENV-3 and DENV-1 were the predominant serotypes driving recent transmission dynamics. The findings may help inform future vaccination strategies.