Proficiency in Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Toward a Brazilian Training Curriculum.

INTRODUCTION

Robotic cardiac surgery has evolved significantly over the past decades, offering enhanced precision, improved visualisation, and minimally invasive approaches. Despite its global expansion, its adoption in Brazil remains limited, particularly due to the absence of a structured and specialty-specific training pathway.

OBJECTIVE

To present a structured proposal for the implementation of robotic cardiac surgery training in Brazil, based on current national regulations and international experience.

METHODS

This study consists of a narrative review combined with a policy analysis of Brazilian regulatory documents and international training models. Evidence regarding simulation-based training, structured curricula, and competency-based progression was analysed to support the proposed framework.

RESULTS

Current Brazilian regulations provide general guidance for robotic surgery but lack specific criteria for cardiac surgery training. In contrast, international models emphasise structured progression, simulation-based training, mentorship, and outcome-based evaluation. Based on these findings, a hybrid training model is proposed, combining short-term certification programmes and dedicated fellowship pathways.

CONCLUSION

The implementation of a structured and standardised training pathway is essential for the safe expansion of robotic cardiac surgery in Brazil. Aligning national policies with international best practices may facilitate broader adoption while ensuring surgical proficiency and patient safety.