Iranian journal of veterinary research · 2026
Processed barley grain mitigates the adverse effects of starch-rich diets in lactating Holstein cows.
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Kheirandish P, Danesh Mesgaran M, Mohri M, Khafipour E, Vakili A, Javadmanesh A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: High-starch diets, commonly formulated with barley grain (BG), can impair ruminal function and trigger systemic inflammation in lactating dairy cows.
AIMS: The present study investigated the effects of different forms of BG on rumen fermentation, immune-related gene expression, and systemic inflammation in Holstein cows fed starch-rich diets.
METHODS: Twenty-seven lactating Holstein cows (three fistulated and six non-fistulated per treatment) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups: untreated BG (BGCTRL), BG processed with 5% lactic acid (BGLA), or BG processed with sugar beet pulp extract (BGSBPE). Cows received a basal total mixed ration for two weeks, followed by one week of high-starch experimental diets.
RESULTS: Cows fed BGLA (5.97) and BGSBPE (5.85) had significantly higher ruminal pH compared to BGCTRL (5.55; P<0.05), along with shorter durations of pH<5.8 (61.35, 182.93, and 362.98 min/day for BGLA, BGSBPE, and BGCTRL, respectively; P<0.05). The acidosis index was reduced from 18.10 in BGCTRL to 8.13 in BGSBPE and 3.05 in BGLA. Also, BGLA reduced ruminal E. coli abundance (P<0.001), while Megasphaera elsdenii was lower in BGSBPE than in BGCTRL (P<0.001). Both processed BG diets significantly decreased serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, and reduced mRNA expression of CD14, TLR4, and MD2.
CONCLUSION: Processing BG with lactic acid or sugar beet pulp extract mitigates the adverse effects of high-starch diets on rumen health and systemic inflammation in lactating dairy cows.
AIMS: The present study investigated the effects of different forms of BG on rumen fermentation, immune-related gene expression, and systemic inflammation in Holstein cows fed starch-rich diets.
METHODS: Twenty-seven lactating Holstein cows (three fistulated and six non-fistulated per treatment) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups: untreated BG (BGCTRL), BG processed with 5% lactic acid (BGLA), or BG processed with sugar beet pulp extract (BGSBPE). Cows received a basal total mixed ration for two weeks, followed by one week of high-starch experimental diets.
RESULTS: Cows fed BGLA (5.97) and BGSBPE (5.85) had significantly higher ruminal pH compared to BGCTRL (5.55; P<0.05), along with shorter durations of pH<5.8 (61.35, 182.93, and 362.98 min/day for BGLA, BGSBPE, and BGCTRL, respectively; P<0.05). The acidosis index was reduced from 18.10 in BGCTRL to 8.13 in BGSBPE and 3.05 in BGLA. Also, BGLA reduced ruminal E. coli abundance (P<0.001), while Megasphaera elsdenii was lower in BGSBPE than in BGCTRL (P<0.001). Both processed BG diets significantly decreased serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, and reduced mRNA expression of CD14, TLR4, and MD2.
CONCLUSION: Processing BG with lactic acid or sugar beet pulp extract mitigates the adverse effects of high-starch diets on rumen health and systemic inflammation in lactating dairy cows.