Hierarchical Triboelectric-Plasmonic-Coupled All-Fabric Dual-Mode Platform for Self-Powered Respiratory Monitoring and Electrostatic-Driven In Situ Pseudovirus Detection.

Respiratory infectious diseases represented by COVID-19 necessitate proactive wearable diagnostic platforms with high integration and sensitivity. In this study, we present a hierarchical, all-fabric dual-mode sensor seamlessly integrating a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for self-powered physiological pre-alert and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for biochemical verification. The core innovation is a rationally engineered bilayer silver (Ag) fabric via secondary Ag plating (Ag nanoparticles: ∼16 nm bottom, ∼92 nm top), forming abundant plasmonic "hot spots" and enabling SERS detection with an LOD down to 10-16 M. Meanwhile, the same fabric serves as a robust TENG electrode paired with high-β-phase PVDF nanofibers (∼70% β-phase), enabling a power density of 461.28 mW m-2 and real-time respiratory monitoring within < 0.02 s, with the results visualized on a self-developed mobile APP for on-site use. Moreover, TENG-driven field-assisted enrichment promotes the accumulation of negatively charged viral particles near the sensing surface, while the hierarchical Ag architecture provides abundant SERS-active interfaces for virus-substrate interactions, jointly facilitating in situ SERS detection down to 5 × 103 TU mL-1 for SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. The smart mask prototype also demonstrates > 99.4% antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This "monitor-enrich-detect" triboelectric-plasmonic-coupled platform holds promise for early warning and risk mitigation of respiratory infectious disease transmission.