Hormones and the auditory system: a review of physiology and pathophysiology.

This review explores the potential role of hormones in modulating the auditory function. The review describes four groups of hormones (the hormones of the circadian cycle, reproduction, stress response and the fluid and electrolyte balance), their physiological variations, interactions, as well as the physiological basis for their effect on the auditory system. Possible contribution of hormones to pathophysiology of auditory dysfunctions, including hyperacusis, tinnitus, Menière's disease and pre-menstrual auditory dysfunction, has also been discussed.