Otoneurology.

This review on progress in otoneurology focuses on peripheral and central vestibular disorders rather than auditory dysfunction. Recent literature reflects an imbalance between quantity and quality. For instance, several of the numerous papers on Menière's disease contribute little to furthering our knowledge of pathophysiology and treatment. The comparatively few papers on neurotransmitters, otolith function, and central vestibular pathway syndromes illustrate a promising area for scientific and clinical research in the future. Identification of vestibular pathway lesions as the cause of many oculomotor syndromes, such as downbeat and upbeat nystagmus or ocular tilt reaction lesions, will broaden the scope of otoneurology and the clinical responsibility of the neurologist.