Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis due to Pasteurella multocida: A Rare Case of Stray-Animal Exposure and Fluoroquinolone Resistance.

Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative coccobacillus commonly found in the oropharyngeal flora of cats, is a rare cause of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient with exposure to stray cats who presented with abdominal pain and cloudy dialysis effluent. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and we initiated empirical intraperitoneal cefazolin therapy. Peritoneal fluid culture yielded P. multocida, which was resistant to fluoroquinolones but susceptible to penicillin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. The patient showed rapid clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of assessing animal exposure in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and underscores the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in P. multocida within a One Health framework.