Gastroenterologia y hepatologia · 2026
The impact of gluten-containing and gluten-free diets on intestinal inflammation: Evaluation of fecal calprotectin in a healthy rat model.
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Bektaş Atilla, Ulusoy Meltem, Özel Ahmet Melih
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Gluten-free diets are increasingly adopted by individuals without gluten-related disorders, despite limited evidence for anti-inflammatory benefit. We evaluated whether varying gluten exposure influences intestinal inflammation in healthy rats using fecal calprotectin (fKp) as the outcome.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty newly weaned male Wistar albino rats were randomized to four isocaloric, iso-nitrogenic diets for 12 weeks (n=10/group): (1) standard wheat-containing control, (2) gluten-free animal protein-based diet, (3) control diet supplemented with 6% vital wheat gluten, and (4) control diet supplemented with 12% vital wheat gluten. Food and water were provided ad libitum. After a 12-h fast, rats were sacrificed and cecal fecal samples were collected individually. fKp was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: Mean fKp differed across groups (one-way ANOVA, p=0.030). Compared with the gluten-free group (26.57±5.77μg/g), fKp was lower with 6% gluten (23.33±5.14μg/g) and 12% gluten (23.57±4.86μg/g) (p=0.013). fKp did not differ between the standard control (29.98±5.76μg/g) and gluten-free diets (p>0.05). There was no difference between 6% and 12% supplementation, indicating a plateau effect.
CONCLUSION: In healthy rats, gluten-containing diets did not increase intestinal inflammation as assessed by fKp. Gluten elimination provided no anti-inflammatory advantage over a standard diet, whereas moderate gluten supplementation was associated with lower fKp without a clear dose-response. Findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating rather than definitive.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty newly weaned male Wistar albino rats were randomized to four isocaloric, iso-nitrogenic diets for 12 weeks (n=10/group): (1) standard wheat-containing control, (2) gluten-free animal protein-based diet, (3) control diet supplemented with 6% vital wheat gluten, and (4) control diet supplemented with 12% vital wheat gluten. Food and water were provided ad libitum. After a 12-h fast, rats were sacrificed and cecal fecal samples were collected individually. fKp was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: Mean fKp differed across groups (one-way ANOVA, p=0.030). Compared with the gluten-free group (26.57±5.77μg/g), fKp was lower with 6% gluten (23.33±5.14μg/g) and 12% gluten (23.57±4.86μg/g) (p=0.013). fKp did not differ between the standard control (29.98±5.76μg/g) and gluten-free diets (p>0.05). There was no difference between 6% and 12% supplementation, indicating a plateau effect.
CONCLUSION: In healthy rats, gluten-containing diets did not increase intestinal inflammation as assessed by fKp. Gluten elimination provided no anti-inflammatory advantage over a standard diet, whereas moderate gluten supplementation was associated with lower fKp without a clear dose-response. Findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating rather than definitive.