Nuclear blebs are composed of variable chromatin states and display increased transcription initiation relative to elongation.

Nuclear blebs are herniations of the nucleus that occur in many human conditions including aging, heart disease, muscular dystrophy, and many cancers. Nuclear blebbing causes nuclear rupture and cellular dysfunction. However, understanding the formation, stability, and identification of nuclear blebs remains an ongoing challenge. Our previous studies reveal that nuclear blebs are best hallmarked by decreased DNA density. To determine if chromatin decompaction underlies decreased DNA density in nuclear blebs, we investigated the histone composition of nuclear blebs across multiple cell lines. Time lapse and immunofluorescence imaging revealed that histone levels decreased in the nuclear bleb compared to the nuclear body but were more variable than DNA. Next, we imaged histone modification states of euchromatin and heterochromatin, which respectively track decompact and compact states of chromatin. We find that nuclear blebs display variable histone modification state across cell lines, as euchromatin does not consistently enrich nor is heterochromatin consistently depleted. Nuclear blebs did consistently show active RNA Pol II initiation is significantly increased relative to elongation. Thus, decreased DNA density that hallmarks nuclear blebs is not due to local histone modification state and transcription initiation increased relative to elongation is reproducible in nuclear blebs.