Magnetized blood flow with Jeffrey ternary hybrid nanofluid in an inclined multi-constricted artery for therapeutic transport applications.

The transport of blood through narrowed arteries is strongly influenced by the presence of stenotic obstructions, which modify the flow structure and alter the associated heat and mass characteristics. These effects become increasingly complex when multiple constrictions are present within the same arterial segment. The present study develops a mathematical model to investigate the electroosmotic flow of non-Newtonian Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid (THNF) through inclined arteries with three serially developed geometries: triangular, W-shaped, and elliptical stenosis. Blood is modeled as a Jeffrey fluid to account for the viscoelastic behavior arising from relaxation and retardation effects in arterial flow. The THNF consists of Cu,Al2O3, and Fe3O4nanoparticles dispersed in blood are applied to enhance the heat and mass transfer. The proposed formulation combines the effects of magnetic field, electroosmosis, porous medium, thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion to reflect the physiological conditions. The governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into dimensionless form using mild stenosis approximations and are solved semi-analytically via Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). The study reveals that velocity increases with higher flow rates and greater porous medium. Thermal radiation affects the temperature distribution, intensifying heat within the narrowed regions. The THNF Fe3O4+Al2O3+Cu/Blood exhibits 17.28%, 11.69% and 4.98% better thermal performance than the base fluid (BF), nanofluid (NF) and hybrid nanofluid (HNF) respectively. The streamline patterns show significant compression near the stenotic regions, indicating changes in the flow structure. These findings suggest its potential to treat vascular diseases, cancer, and advanced thermal management in biomedical applications.