Polydatin Encapsulated in Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Attenuates Oxidative Damage and Protects Rotenone-Induced Neuroblastoma cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and selective neurodegenerative disease that affects the dopaminergic neurons inside the SNpc (substantia nigra pars compacta) subregion of the midbrain. Parkinson disease is characterized by the loss of neuronal function and is further linked with the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Polydatin (PLD) and resveratrol glucoside have been established as promising antioxidant & neuroprotective agents, but their poor solubility and limited bioavailability constrain their application. Therefore, herein we aimed to explore the development and evaluation of polydatin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (PLD-HSA NPs) in the in vitro PD model. The polydatin-loaded human serum albumin NPs formed by this method had a mean particle size of 186.0 ± 15.9 nm. With an encapsulation efficiency of around 91.47%. Additionally, the FTIR, SEM, TEM, and AFM provided morphological characterization. Cellular uptake of the PLD-loaded HSA NPs in SH-SY5Y cells showed effective uptake, which may have contributed to the cytoprotection of the rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cell line. Treatment using PLD-HSA NPs at a dose of 10 μg/mL resulted in a significant decrease in ROS and restoration of antioxidant defense. The results of the protein expression also confirmed a decrease in DRP1 and an improvement in MFN2 expression. Treatment with PLD-HSA NPs restored tyrosine hydroxylase expression, which has the potential to protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress.