BMJ open · 2026
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Young Disability Questionnaire-Spine into Turkish for children with spinal pain: a methodological validation study.
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İyigün Abdullah, Günerbüyük Caner, Demir Pervin, Polat Ömer, Güner Kürşat, Aksekili Mehmet Atıf
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To translate and culturally adapt the Young Disability Questionnaire-Spine (YDQ-spine) into Turkish and evaluate the structural validity, reliability and construct validity of the Turkish version (T-YDQ-spine) in children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain.
DESIGN: Methodological validation study.
SETTING: A tertiary paediatric orthopaedics centre in Istanbul, Türkiye.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 199 children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain were included. The first 59 completed the T-YDQ-spine again after 5 days and 99 also completed the Turkish Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22).
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Structural validity was assessed using an ordinal correlated two-factor confirmatory factor analysis with weighted least squares mean-adjusted and variance-adjusted estimation. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, ordinal alpha and McDonald’s omega; test–retest reliability using absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); and construct validity using eight predefined hypotheses based on Spearman correlations with SRS-22 domains. Floor and ceiling effects were also examined.
RESULTS: The correlated two-factor model showed very good fit (Comparative Fit Index=0.997, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.996, root mean square error of approximation=0.018, standardised root mean square residual=0.045), with a latent factor correlation of 0.586. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.929 for the physical and 0.901 for the psychosocial component; corresponding McDonald’s omega values were 0.941 and 0.916. Test–retest ICCs were 0.918 and 0.898, respectively. Seven of eight predefined construct-validity hypotheses (87.5%) were confirmed. No floor or ceiling effects were observed for either component; the standalone sleep item showed a floor effect.
CONCLUSIONS: The T-YDQ-spine demonstrated evidence supporting structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity in Turkish-speaking children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain. Further multicentre studies should evaluate responsiveness, longitudinal interpretability and cross-cultural measurement invariance.
DESIGN: Methodological validation study.
SETTING: A tertiary paediatric orthopaedics centre in Istanbul, Türkiye.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 199 children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain were included. The first 59 completed the T-YDQ-spine again after 5 days and 99 also completed the Turkish Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22).
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Structural validity was assessed using an ordinal correlated two-factor confirmatory factor analysis with weighted least squares mean-adjusted and variance-adjusted estimation. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, ordinal alpha and McDonald’s omega; test–retest reliability using absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); and construct validity using eight predefined hypotheses based on Spearman correlations with SRS-22 domains. Floor and ceiling effects were also examined.
RESULTS: The correlated two-factor model showed very good fit (Comparative Fit Index=0.997, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.996, root mean square error of approximation=0.018, standardised root mean square residual=0.045), with a latent factor correlation of 0.586. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.929 for the physical and 0.901 for the psychosocial component; corresponding McDonald’s omega values were 0.941 and 0.916. Test–retest ICCs were 0.918 and 0.898, respectively. Seven of eight predefined construct-validity hypotheses (87.5%) were confirmed. No floor or ceiling effects were observed for either component; the standalone sleep item showed a floor effect.
CONCLUSIONS: The T-YDQ-spine demonstrated evidence supporting structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity in Turkish-speaking children aged 9–12 years with spinal pain. Further multicentre studies should evaluate responsiveness, longitudinal interpretability and cross-cultural measurement invariance.