Der Nervenarzt · 2026
[Is it all bipolar? Differential diagnosis of mood swings in young adulthood].
Аннотация на английскомСтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Nieberler Matthias, Appel Miriam, Klüpfel Catherina, Warrings Wiebke, Kittel-Schneider Sarah
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Mood swings can represent a key symptom of various psychiatric disorders in young adulthood. Due to substantial symptom overlap, clinicians often face diagnostic uncertainty, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
OBJECTIVES: Description of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of mood swings in the most relevant psychiatric disorders.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Narrative review based on the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) and pertinent literature.
RESULTS: Bipolar affective disorders exhibit episodic, mostly non-reactive mood swings in clearly defined temporary episodes. In unipolar depression, affective changes are predominantly downward-directed and may show diurnal variation. Emotionally unstable personality disorder is characterized by high-frequency, reactive, and interpersonally triggered affective states, whereas neurodevelopmental disorders typically present with situationally induced, short-lived emotional dysregulation.
CONCLUSIONS: Differential diagnostic evaluation requires a comprehensive clinical assessment, possibly supported by life charts, mood diaries, or psychometric instruments. Given the frequent comorbidities and symptom overlap, a longitudinal diagnostic approach is recommended in cases of uncertainty.
OBJECTIVES: Description of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of mood swings in the most relevant psychiatric disorders.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Narrative review based on the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) and pertinent literature.
RESULTS: Bipolar affective disorders exhibit episodic, mostly non-reactive mood swings in clearly defined temporary episodes. In unipolar depression, affective changes are predominantly downward-directed and may show diurnal variation. Emotionally unstable personality disorder is characterized by high-frequency, reactive, and interpersonally triggered affective states, whereas neurodevelopmental disorders typically present with situationally induced, short-lived emotional dysregulation.
CONCLUSIONS: Differential diagnostic evaluation requires a comprehensive clinical assessment, possibly supported by life charts, mood diaries, or psychometric instruments. Given the frequent comorbidities and symptom overlap, a longitudinal diagnostic approach is recommended in cases of uncertainty.