Targeting Integrins in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Potential of Monoclonal Antibodies, PARP Inhibitors, Synthetic Peptides, and Aptamers.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Recent reports indicate that extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, such as integrins, could influence TNBC development. Integrins are adhesion macromolecules that modulate ECM characteristics such as stiffening of ECM and being associated with hypoxia. Therefore, dysregulation in integrins could compromise the efficient delivery of cancer treatments. Some peptides and aptamers can directly target integrins, and they are now being studied; however, most monoclonal antibodies and PARP inhibitors that are used for TNBC do not directly target integrins. Integrins and the ECM can change the way these treatments work. Currently, the efficacy of these candidates is still being evaluated, and the majority of studies are in the early phase of development. The present article reviews the role of integrins in cancer development and captures the state-of-the-art evidence on the therapeutic targeting of integrins in breast cancer. Also, solutions to overcome challenges in the field are suggested.