Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale-45 (GBS-45) for the Assessment of Rhinotillexomania.

INTRODUCTION

Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs) may lead to significant physical and psychosocial consequences. Rhinotillexomania is a common and underdiagnosed behaviour for which no validated Spanish-language instruments are currently available for specific assessment. The Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale-45 (GBS-45) is a transdiagnostic tool designed to assess the severity and functional impact of BFRBs. The aim of this study was to validate and cross-culturally adapt the rhinotillexomania-specific section of the GBS-45 for a Spanish-speaking population.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

This prospective multicentre study included adult patients with nasal septal perforation secondary to rhinotillexomania (n = 29) and a healthy control group (n = 32). Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to standardised methodology. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability (1-2 weeks) was analysed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Discriminant validity was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS

The Spanish version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.931 at baseline; α = 0.937 at retest). Temporal stability was high (overall ICC = 0.937; r = 0.939; 95% CI 0.899-0.964; p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed between cases and controls in the total score and across all specific items (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The Spanish version of the GBS-45 for rhinotillexomania is a reliable and valid instrument, useful for clinical assessment and follow-up in Spanish-speaking populations.