Adaptation and Initial Psychometric Validation of the Clinician Satisfaction with Sedation Instrument (CSSI) for Interventional Radiology.

PURPOSE: To adapt and psychometrically validate the Clinician Satisfaction with Sedation Instrument (CSSI) for use in interventional radiology (IR), including assessment of reliability and validity.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

In this prospective observational study, clinician responses were collected following adult IR procedures performed with IR-administered procedural sedation. The original 21-item CSSI was adapted for IR using face validity assessment and pilot testing, resulting in a 13-item instrument. Internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis, inter-rater reliability, criterion validity, construct validity, and convergent validity were evaluated. A secondary cohort assessed physician-physician agreement.

RESULTS

One hundred one procedures generated 272 completed surveys from 12 clinicians (10 nurses, 2 physicians). The adapted CSSI demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.968) and a unidimensional factor structure accounting for 73.1% of variance. Inter-rater reliability was moderate between physicians and nurses (ICC = 0.547) and good among nurses (ICC = 0.763). Physician-physician reliability demonstrated good consistency (ICC = 0.688). CSSI scores increased with patient vocalization severity (P < .001), patient movement (P = .041), sedation-related complications (P < .001), multiple procedures (P < .001), and differed across procedure types (P = .030) and sedation regimens (P < .001). CSSI scores also correlated with deepest procedural sedation level (Spearman r = 0.491, P = .028).

CONCLUSION

The adapted 13-item CSSI demonstrated excellent internal consistency and initial evidence of reliability and validity for measuring clinician satisfaction with procedural sedation in interventional radiology. The instrument shows potential as a standardized clinician-reported outcome measure for future comparative sedation studies.