Osteoclast-Expanded Natural Killer Cells Are a Unique Population of Cells Based on Transcriptomic and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Proteomic and Functional Characteristics.

Natural killer (NK) cells, known for their potent anti-tumor activity, have faced challenges in clinical trials due to limited methods to enhance their expansion and anti-tumor potential. This review highlights the unique characteristics of osteoclasts-expanded supercharged NK (sNK) cells, showcasing their suitability for clinical applications. sNK cells exhibit remarkable anti-tumor efficacy, prolonged survival, and increased expansion when cultured with osteoclasts and probiotic bacteria. A comparative analysis with other NK cell expansion techniques reveals the distinct advantages of sNK cells in terms of survival, expansion, and functionality. Through proteomic, transcriptomic, single-cell RNAseq, and functional assessments, sNK cells demonstrate the ability to target both poorly differentiated/stem-like tumors and well-differentiated tumors. Moreover, they can supplement the functional deficiency of autologous NK cells, restoring their effectiveness in combating cancer. The exceptional attributes of sNK cells position them as a unique and promising candidate for inclusion in clinical trials for cancer patients.