SIS/HA Loaded with BMSC-Exo Enhances the Osseointegration after Tooth Defect.

Tooth tissue loss hinders full regeneration. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) possesses biocompatibility, biodegradability, and osseointegration properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SIS/HA on tooth defect. Herein, we used SIS/HA for tooth tissue engineering. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes were inserted into SIS/HA. Histological analysis was detected using HE staining and ALP staining. Gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Osteogenesis was analyzed by alizarin red staining. Cellular mineralization was analyzed by ALP staining. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Angiogenesis was analyzed by tube formation assay. We found that SIS/HA effectively showed high cell viability. SIS/HA loaded with BMSC-Exo enhanced the effects of SIS/HA and promoted angiogenesis of RAOECs. Moreover, SIS/HA loaded with BMSC-Exo enhanced the effects of SIS/HA and mediated osteogenesis in vitro. BMSC-Exo-loaded SIS/HA enhanced new bone regeneration in vivo. In summary, BMSC-Exo-coated SIS/HA mediates osseointegration after tooth defect.