Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026
Myoclonus as a neurologic manifestation of hypoglycemia in dogs.
СтатьяМногоцентровое исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Polidoro Dakir, Liatis Theofanis, Álvarez Patricia, Bhatti Sofie F M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Myoclonus consists of brief, shock-like jerks and is not reported in dogs as a neurological manifestation of hypoglycemia.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe hypoglycemia-associated myoclonus in dogs and report diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome.
ANIMALS: Ten dogs presenting myoclonus and concurrent hypoglycemia.
METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective study of dogs presenting hypoglycemia-related myoclonus.
RESULTS: All dogs presented with myoclonus. Neurological examination was abnormal in 5/10 (50%). Myoclonus was generalized in 8/10 (80%) dogs and focal (head) in 2/10 (20%), with progression to generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures in 5/10 (50%). Hypoglycemia (<3.3 mmol/L) was observed in all dogs (median, 2.07 mmol/L) during the myoclonic episodes. Insulinoma was a suspected (n = 1), presumptive (n = 5), or definitive (n = 3) diagnosis in 9/10 (90%) dogs. One dog (10%) developed iatrogenic hypoglycemia after IV administration of fast-acting human insulin and myoclonic episodes resolved after dose reduction. Among dogs with suspected, presumptive or confirmed insulinoma, 5/9 (56%) received medical treatment alone, 3/9 (33%) combined medical and surgical treatment, and 1/9 (11%) was not treated. Medical treatment included, prednisolone (n = 6), diazoxide (n = 3) and therapeutic diet (n = 6). Surgical treatment consisted of pancreatic mass resection. Medical or surgical treatment resulted in short-term improvement in myoclonus frequency in all dogs, however, four were later euthanized due to recurrence of hypoglycemia and myoclonus.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Myoclonus might represent an underrecognized neurological manifestation of hypoglycemia in dogs. Measurement of blood glucose concentrations is a fundamental diagnostic approach for identifying hypoglycemia-related myoclonus. Treatment can lead to clinical improvement, but prognosis is dependent on the underlying cause.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe hypoglycemia-associated myoclonus in dogs and report diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome.
ANIMALS: Ten dogs presenting myoclonus and concurrent hypoglycemia.
METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective study of dogs presenting hypoglycemia-related myoclonus.
RESULTS: All dogs presented with myoclonus. Neurological examination was abnormal in 5/10 (50%). Myoclonus was generalized in 8/10 (80%) dogs and focal (head) in 2/10 (20%), with progression to generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures in 5/10 (50%). Hypoglycemia (<3.3 mmol/L) was observed in all dogs (median, 2.07 mmol/L) during the myoclonic episodes. Insulinoma was a suspected (n = 1), presumptive (n = 5), or definitive (n = 3) diagnosis in 9/10 (90%) dogs. One dog (10%) developed iatrogenic hypoglycemia after IV administration of fast-acting human insulin and myoclonic episodes resolved after dose reduction. Among dogs with suspected, presumptive or confirmed insulinoma, 5/9 (56%) received medical treatment alone, 3/9 (33%) combined medical and surgical treatment, and 1/9 (11%) was not treated. Medical treatment included, prednisolone (n = 6), diazoxide (n = 3) and therapeutic diet (n = 6). Surgical treatment consisted of pancreatic mass resection. Medical or surgical treatment resulted in short-term improvement in myoclonus frequency in all dogs, however, four were later euthanized due to recurrence of hypoglycemia and myoclonus.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Myoclonus might represent an underrecognized neurological manifestation of hypoglycemia in dogs. Measurement of blood glucose concentrations is a fundamental diagnostic approach for identifying hypoglycemia-related myoclonus. Treatment can lead to clinical improvement, but prognosis is dependent on the underlying cause.