Brain injury · 2026
Living status and multidomain clinical outcomes in adults following acute mild traumatic brain injury.
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Zynda Aaron J, Kontos Anthony P, Marra Ryan, Gallo Natalee, Hirsh Marisa, Darwin Jessa, Maczuzak John, Pacella-LaBarbara Maria, Barton David J, Wagner Amy K
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of living status in multidomain clinical outcomes in adults following acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
METHODS: Adults presenting to emergency departments or a specialty concussion clinic within < 72 hours (h) of mTBI were enrolled. Multidomain clinical measures (e.g. Concussion Clinical Profile Screen [CP Screen], Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9], Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist [PCL-5], Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) were collected at <72 h and 10 days (d) post-injury. Participants were grouped by living status: alone (Alone), with a spouse/significant other/roommate (Cohabitant), or with a partner and children/extended family (Family). Two-way mixed-effects models evaluated the interaction of group and time on clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: One hundred fourteen participants (age = 33.2 ± 13.8 years; 63F) were enrolled: 27 (24%) in the Alone group, 41 (36%) Cohabitant, and 46 (40%) Family. A significant interaction was observed for the CP Screen Cognitive/Fatigue (F[2,51] = 5.5, p = 0.007), PHQ-9 (F[2,49] = 4.3, p = 0.020), PCL-5 (F[2,51] = 3.3, p = 0.044), and PSS (F[2,50] = 3.9 , p = 0.027). The Alone group exhibited significant increases in Cognitive/Fatigue problems (Δ3.1, p < 0.001), depression symptoms (Δ5.4, p < 0.001), and PTSD (Δ10.1, p = 0.006), but a significant decrease in perceived stress (Δ-4.5, p = 0.012) over time compared to the Cohabitant and Family groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Adults living alone demonstrated a significant increase in cognitive/fatigue, depression, and stress-related symptoms from <72 h to 10d post-mTBI compared to those living with a cohabitant/family.
METHODS: Adults presenting to emergency departments or a specialty concussion clinic within < 72 hours (h) of mTBI were enrolled. Multidomain clinical measures (e.g. Concussion Clinical Profile Screen [CP Screen], Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9], Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist [PCL-5], Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) were collected at <72 h and 10 days (d) post-injury. Participants were grouped by living status: alone (Alone), with a spouse/significant other/roommate (Cohabitant), or with a partner and children/extended family (Family). Two-way mixed-effects models evaluated the interaction of group and time on clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: One hundred fourteen participants (age = 33.2 ± 13.8 years; 63F) were enrolled: 27 (24%) in the Alone group, 41 (36%) Cohabitant, and 46 (40%) Family. A significant interaction was observed for the CP Screen Cognitive/Fatigue (F[2,51] = 5.5, p = 0.007), PHQ-9 (F[2,49] = 4.3, p = 0.020), PCL-5 (F[2,51] = 3.3, p = 0.044), and PSS (F[2,50] = 3.9 , p = 0.027). The Alone group exhibited significant increases in Cognitive/Fatigue problems (Δ3.1, p < 0.001), depression symptoms (Δ5.4, p < 0.001), and PTSD (Δ10.1, p = 0.006), but a significant decrease in perceived stress (Δ-4.5, p = 0.012) over time compared to the Cohabitant and Family groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Adults living alone demonstrated a significant increase in cognitive/fatigue, depression, and stress-related symptoms from <72 h to 10d post-mTBI compared to those living with a cohabitant/family.