Non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality among persons with T2DM: A systematic review.

Non-pharmacological interventions may provide a safe and practical approach to improving sleep among persons with T2DM. The systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for improving sleep quality among persons with T2DM. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251154335) and followed the PRISMA guideline. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inceptions up to 30 October 2025. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was applied to this study. A total of 16 studies involving approximately 1,300 participants with T2DM met the inclusion criteria, demonstrating improvements in sleep quality among persons with T2DM. Five categories of non-pharmacological interventions were effective in improving sleep quality among persons with T2DM, including exercise, diabetes knowledge, sleep hygiene training, diabetes sleep education and psychological and behavioural therapies. Characteristics of interventions were face to face interventions and combination face to face and telephone/online intervention. Evidence from this review indicates that non-pharmacological interventions were effective in improving sleep quality among persons with T2DM. Personal condition should be taken into consideration when implementing these interventions.