Fetal diagnosis and therapy · 2026
Assessment of normal fetal cranial nerve development from 14 to 28 weeks of gestation on post-mortem 3 Tesla MRI.
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Raja Deepika, Rangasami Rajeswaran, Verma Richa, Cruze Lawrence D, Seshadri Suresh, S Lata, Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: High-resolution post-mortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to assess anomalies and can serve as a complementary tool to conventional autopsy. The main aim of this study was to detect and measure the diameter of cranial nerves across gestation.
METHODS: This observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital and included 150 fetuses from 14 to 28 weeks of gestation with normal brain findings.
RESULTS: The optic nerve was identified earliest at 15 weeks, with a mean diameter of 0.62 mm at 15 weeks and 1.49 mm at 27 weeks. The oculomotor nerve was identified earliest at 21 weeks, with a mean diameter of 0.94 mm at 21 weeks and 1.21 mm at 27 weeks. The trigeminal nerve is seen earliest at 21 weeks, with a mean diameter of 0.9 mm at 21 weeks and 1.2 mm at 27 weeks. The cranial nerve VII-VIII complex is seen earliest at 18 weeks, with a mean diameter 0.9 mm at 18 weeks and 1.14 mm at 27 weeks. Cranial nerve IX-X-XI was identified earliest at 24 weeks, with a mean diameter of 1.03 mm at 24 weeks and 1.15 mm at 27 weeks.
CONCLUSION: High-resolution post-mortem MRI enables visualization and measurement of fetal cranial nerves II, III, V, VII-VIII, and IX-X-XI, whereas cranial nerves I, IV, VI, and XII were not identifiable in our cohort. These findings provide normative reference data for the assessment of fetal cranial nerves in post-mortem studies.
METHODS: This observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital and included 150 fetuses from 14 to 28 weeks of gestation with normal brain findings.
RESULTS: The optic nerve was identified earliest at 15 weeks, with a mean diameter of 0.62 mm at 15 weeks and 1.49 mm at 27 weeks. The oculomotor nerve was identified earliest at 21 weeks, with a mean diameter of 0.94 mm at 21 weeks and 1.21 mm at 27 weeks. The trigeminal nerve is seen earliest at 21 weeks, with a mean diameter of 0.9 mm at 21 weeks and 1.2 mm at 27 weeks. The cranial nerve VII-VIII complex is seen earliest at 18 weeks, with a mean diameter 0.9 mm at 18 weeks and 1.14 mm at 27 weeks. Cranial nerve IX-X-XI was identified earliest at 24 weeks, with a mean diameter of 1.03 mm at 24 weeks and 1.15 mm at 27 weeks.
CONCLUSION: High-resolution post-mortem MRI enables visualization and measurement of fetal cranial nerves II, III, V, VII-VIII, and IX-X-XI, whereas cranial nerves I, IV, VI, and XII were not identifiable in our cohort. These findings provide normative reference data for the assessment of fetal cranial nerves in post-mortem studies.