American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2026
Reliability and reproducibility of a best-fit superimposition method for digital models of adult patients treated without extractions.
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Rosa Beatriz, Bosoni Carlo, Alencar David Silveira, Franchi Lorenzo, Miguel Jose Augusto, de Assis Ribeiro Carvalho Felipe, Artese Flavia
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered the gold standard for 3-dimensional (3D) superimposition in assessing tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. However, given current guidelines emphasizing the reduction of radiation exposure, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of a digital model superimposition technique that does not require CBCT.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 10 adult patients who underwent comprehensive orthodontic treatment without extractions. All patients had full-head CBCT scans and corresponding maxillary and mandibular digital dental models. Two evaluators assessed tooth movement using a new superimposition technique based on Standard Triangle Language files, using the palatal rugae as a superimposition reference for the maxillary arch and the transfer of the mandibular position through the interarch occlusal relationship. The accuracy of this method was compared with that of a CBCT-based reference workflow involving the integration of scanned dental models into CBCT images.
RESULTS: The mean variation in reference landmark positions across the 3 spatial planes was similar between the methods for both arches. Interevaluator differences (Δ) ranged from -0.07 to 0.06 mm, which were not considered clinically significant. Student t tests showed no statistically significant differences between evaluators for any axis in either method (P >0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated high agreement between the 2 methods, ranging from 0.88 to 0.98.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D digital model superimposition technique using the palatal rugae for the maxillary arch and the interarch occlusal relationship for the mandibular arch is a reliable and reproducible alternative to CBCT-based methods for evaluating orthodontic tooth movement in nongrowing patients treated without extractions.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 10 adult patients who underwent comprehensive orthodontic treatment without extractions. All patients had full-head CBCT scans and corresponding maxillary and mandibular digital dental models. Two evaluators assessed tooth movement using a new superimposition technique based on Standard Triangle Language files, using the palatal rugae as a superimposition reference for the maxillary arch and the transfer of the mandibular position through the interarch occlusal relationship. The accuracy of this method was compared with that of a CBCT-based reference workflow involving the integration of scanned dental models into CBCT images.
RESULTS: The mean variation in reference landmark positions across the 3 spatial planes was similar between the methods for both arches. Interevaluator differences (Δ) ranged from -0.07 to 0.06 mm, which were not considered clinically significant. Student t tests showed no statistically significant differences between evaluators for any axis in either method (P >0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated high agreement between the 2 methods, ranging from 0.88 to 0.98.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D digital model superimposition technique using the palatal rugae for the maxillary arch and the interarch occlusal relationship for the mandibular arch is a reliable and reproducible alternative to CBCT-based methods for evaluating orthodontic tooth movement in nongrowing patients treated without extractions.