Military shaving waivers for pseudofolliculitis barbae: Ethical considerations for dermatologists.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) is a chronic inflammatory disorder triggered by shaving and disproportionately affects individuals of African descent. For service members, medically appropriate management may conflict with military grooming standards requiring a clean-shaven appearance. Recent policy changes have placed greater restrictions on shaving waivers and may create career consequences for service members who continue to require accommodations despite treatment. These policies raise ethical concerns involving justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy. Military safety requirements related to protective equipment must be balanced against the clinical needs of patients with PFB. Laser hair removal may provide meaningful benefit but can recur, permanently alter facial hair growth, and carry additional risks depending on skin type, device selection, and treatment setting. Dermatologists should provide accurate medical assessments, support medically necessary accommodations, and use shared decision-making so that treatment remains guided by clinical need and patient preference rather than institutional pressure.