Frontiers in plant science · 2026
Genomic evidence supports the merging of Camellia sect. Eriandria and sect. Theopsis: ovary pubescence as a trait of potential ecological relevance.
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Lyu Mengwen, Chen Min, Fang Mengwei, Wu Yin, Li Bingling, Zhang Yali
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Camellia sect. Eriandria and sect. Theopsis, mostly endemic to China, possess a suite of desirable traits, including fragrance, floriferous flowering, and stress tolerance, which have drawn increasing research interest. However, research remains limited, and their classification has long been controversial as it relies solely on the morphological trait of ovary pubescence (OP), leading to numerous synonyms and homonyms that severely hinder germplasm conservation and utilization.
METHODS: In this study, we performed super genotyping-by-sequencing (super-GBS) on 87 wild accessions representing both sections, together with five outgroup accessions, generating genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. This foundational genomic resource enabled subsequent population genetic structure analyses, phylogenomic reconstruction, genome-wide selection scans (FST and XP-CLR), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to systematically investigate their genetic structure and evolutionary mechanisms.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Population structure and phylogenetic analyses revealed extensive admixture with no distinct genetic lineages between the two sections. The genome-wide mean FST was 0.013 (95% CI: 0.0125-0.0129), and standardized differentiation indices (G'ST = 0.016, Jost's D = 0.005) confirmed the absence of a significant genetic barrier. By integrating FST, XP-CLR, and GWAS, we identified 208 candidate genes from OP-stratified genome-wide scans. However, due to the limited marker density and the absence of genome-wide significant GWAS signals, these candidate genes should be regarded as exploratory. Collectively, our genomic evidence supports the merging of Camellia sect. Eriandria and sect. Theopsis into a single, cohesive genetic group, and suggests that OP is a trait of potential ecological relevance rather than a reliable diagnostic character for sectional delimitation. These findings provide genome-wide evidence for taxonomic revision and a molecular foundation for germplasm conservation and breeding in Camellia.
METHODS: In this study, we performed super genotyping-by-sequencing (super-GBS) on 87 wild accessions representing both sections, together with five outgroup accessions, generating genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. This foundational genomic resource enabled subsequent population genetic structure analyses, phylogenomic reconstruction, genome-wide selection scans (FST and XP-CLR), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to systematically investigate their genetic structure and evolutionary mechanisms.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Population structure and phylogenetic analyses revealed extensive admixture with no distinct genetic lineages between the two sections. The genome-wide mean FST was 0.013 (95% CI: 0.0125-0.0129), and standardized differentiation indices (G'ST = 0.016, Jost's D = 0.005) confirmed the absence of a significant genetic barrier. By integrating FST, XP-CLR, and GWAS, we identified 208 candidate genes from OP-stratified genome-wide scans. However, due to the limited marker density and the absence of genome-wide significant GWAS signals, these candidate genes should be regarded as exploratory. Collectively, our genomic evidence supports the merging of Camellia sect. Eriandria and sect. Theopsis into a single, cohesive genetic group, and suggests that OP is a trait of potential ecological relevance rather than a reliable diagnostic character for sectional delimitation. These findings provide genome-wide evidence for taxonomic revision and a molecular foundation for germplasm conservation and breeding in Camellia.