Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026
The HGF/c-Met signaling axis: A master regulator of invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Hussein Wael Sheet, Al-Hussainy Ali Fawzi, Mustafa Wael Waleed, Renuka Jyothi S, Nayak Priya Priyadarshini, Bethanney Janney J, Singh Gurjant, Sinha Aashna, Akhrorova Malika, Sameer Hayder Naji, Salih Rasim M, Adil Mohaned
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major global health concern because local invasion and regional lymph node metastasis drive poor outcomes. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling axis is a key regulator of this aggressive phenotype.
OBJECTIVE: This narrative review evaluates evidence linking HGF/c-Met signaling to OSCC progression, tumor microenvironment interactions, treatment resistance, prognostic assessment, and therapeutic targeting.
FINDINGS: HGF/c-Met activation promotes EMT, MMP expression, cell motility, CAF-mediated crosstalk, lymphangiogenesis, perineural invasion, and EGFR inhibitor resistance through PI3K/AKT, RAS/MAPK, and STAT3 signaling. Although c-Met overexpression often correlates with poor prognosis, clinical findings are not fully consistent. Small-molecule inhibitors (crizotinib, cabozantinib, and tepotinib) and monoclonal antibodies (onartuzumab and rilotumumab) may be most useful within biomarker-guided combination regimens.
CONCLUSIONS: HGF/c-Met signaling represents a clinically relevant driver and therapeutic vulnerability in OSCC. Standardized biomarkers and rational combination strategies are required to overcome resistance and improve patient survival.
OBJECTIVE: This narrative review evaluates evidence linking HGF/c-Met signaling to OSCC progression, tumor microenvironment interactions, treatment resistance, prognostic assessment, and therapeutic targeting.
FINDINGS: HGF/c-Met activation promotes EMT, MMP expression, cell motility, CAF-mediated crosstalk, lymphangiogenesis, perineural invasion, and EGFR inhibitor resistance through PI3K/AKT, RAS/MAPK, and STAT3 signaling. Although c-Met overexpression often correlates with poor prognosis, clinical findings are not fully consistent. Small-molecule inhibitors (crizotinib, cabozantinib, and tepotinib) and monoclonal antibodies (onartuzumab and rilotumumab) may be most useful within biomarker-guided combination regimens.
CONCLUSIONS: HGF/c-Met signaling represents a clinically relevant driver and therapeutic vulnerability in OSCC. Standardized biomarkers and rational combination strategies are required to overcome resistance and improve patient survival.