Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2026
Development and Psychometric Analysis of an Instrument to Assess Social Stigma Associated with Parkinson's Disease.
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Guerra-Anzaldo Ana Lourdes, Espinosa-Picos Arturo Emmanuel, Sánchez-Ramírez Karen Itzel, Hernández-Medrano Ana Jimena, Cervantes-Arriaga Amin, Domínguez-García Ariadna, Rodríguez-Violante Mayela
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To develop and report the psychometric properties of a comprehensive scale designed to measure stereotypes and attitudes of the general population towards people with Parkinson's disease (PwP).
METHODS: The development and analysis of the Parkinson's Disease Stigma Perception scale (PDSP) included four phases: 1) literature review, 2) item development, 3) tests of validity and reliability, and 4) dissemination of a preliminary version. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to explore underlying structures, and confirmatory factor analysis to test the model's fit.
RESULTS: Six (2%) of the 294 survey respondents were disqualified because of incomplete data. The mean age was 38.3±15.9 years, 70.1% were women, and mean education was 16.5±3.37 years. EFA identified three factors with eigenvalues >1 (social avoidance and negative attitudes, prejudice and discrimination, and stereotypes). A root mean square error of approximation of 0.07 indicated acceptable fit, while a comparative fit index of 0.90 suggested adequate fit. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega yielded 0.74 and 0.83, respectively, with low floor effects (2.4%) and no ceiling effect. Item-total correlations ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The PDSP demonstrated reliability and validity in assessing stigmatizing attitudes towards PwP. Future studies can further explore the scale's impact and its applicability across various contexts.
METHODS: The development and analysis of the Parkinson's Disease Stigma Perception scale (PDSP) included four phases: 1) literature review, 2) item development, 3) tests of validity and reliability, and 4) dissemination of a preliminary version. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to explore underlying structures, and confirmatory factor analysis to test the model's fit.
RESULTS: Six (2%) of the 294 survey respondents were disqualified because of incomplete data. The mean age was 38.3±15.9 years, 70.1% were women, and mean education was 16.5±3.37 years. EFA identified three factors with eigenvalues >1 (social avoidance and negative attitudes, prejudice and discrimination, and stereotypes). A root mean square error of approximation of 0.07 indicated acceptable fit, while a comparative fit index of 0.90 suggested adequate fit. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega yielded 0.74 and 0.83, respectively, with low floor effects (2.4%) and no ceiling effect. Item-total correlations ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The PDSP demonstrated reliability and validity in assessing stigmatizing attitudes towards PwP. Future studies can further explore the scale's impact and its applicability across various contexts.