bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
Age-Adjusted Cerebellar Volumetry and Developmental Outcomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.
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Yao Lin, Brown Amanda M, Park Junseok, Lazar Steven, Kralik Stephen, Rhee Christopher J, Sillitoe Roy V, Gill Jason S
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairment, but the relationship between cerebellar structure and later developmental outcome remains incompletely defined.
METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, we examined total cerebellar volume on clinically acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ELBW infants while accounting for postmenstrual age (PMA) at imaging.
RESULTS: Of 65 infants screened, 42 were included. Mean gestational age at birth was 25.54 ± 1.68 weeks, mean birth weight was 733.2 ± 118.7 g, and mean PMA at MRI was 43.02 ± 6.53 weeks (range, 31.57-68.00). Mean cerebellar volume was 22.17 ± 9.63 cm 3 . Independently adjudicated developmental outcomes comprised normal development in 16 infants, isolated or specific impairment in 12, and moderate/severe impairment in 14. Unadjusted cerebellar volumes did not differ across developmental groups (P = 0.490) or qualitative MRI categories (P = 0.875). However, the PMA-by-developmental-category interaction was significant (P = 0.002), with estimated cross-sectional slopes of 1.72, 1.56, and 0.39 cm 3 per week, respectively. The interaction remained significant within 36-46 weeks PMA (n = 29; P = 0.011) and after adjustment for small-for-gestational-age status. Sensitivity analyses indicated uncertainty in the stability of the interaction.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that age-informed cerebellar volumetric patterns may provide developmental information not evident from average volumes alone and support prospective validation with standardized imaging and developmental assessments. As a result, cerebellar volumes obtained early in life may hold prognostic information for ELBW infants.
METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, we examined total cerebellar volume on clinically acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ELBW infants while accounting for postmenstrual age (PMA) at imaging.
RESULTS: Of 65 infants screened, 42 were included. Mean gestational age at birth was 25.54 ± 1.68 weeks, mean birth weight was 733.2 ± 118.7 g, and mean PMA at MRI was 43.02 ± 6.53 weeks (range, 31.57-68.00). Mean cerebellar volume was 22.17 ± 9.63 cm 3 . Independently adjudicated developmental outcomes comprised normal development in 16 infants, isolated or specific impairment in 12, and moderate/severe impairment in 14. Unadjusted cerebellar volumes did not differ across developmental groups (P = 0.490) or qualitative MRI categories (P = 0.875). However, the PMA-by-developmental-category interaction was significant (P = 0.002), with estimated cross-sectional slopes of 1.72, 1.56, and 0.39 cm 3 per week, respectively. The interaction remained significant within 36-46 weeks PMA (n = 29; P = 0.011) and after adjustment for small-for-gestational-age status. Sensitivity analyses indicated uncertainty in the stability of the interaction.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that age-informed cerebellar volumetric patterns may provide developmental information not evident from average volumes alone and support prospective validation with standardized imaging and developmental assessments. As a result, cerebellar volumes obtained early in life may hold prognostic information for ELBW infants.