Tumor Specific Drug Delivery: Conventional to Advanced Technologies.

The treatment of tumors continues to pose significant challenges in modern medicine, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance therapeutic outcomes while reducing side effects. This review focuses on advancements in tumor management, emphasizing the role of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) in overcoming the limitations of conventional therapies. Traditional approaches are discussed alongside the development of NDDS, including nanoparticle-based systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as well as microparticle-based systems like microspheres and microcapsules. Emerging technologies, including cubosomes, exosomes, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots, are explored for their potential in targeted drug delivery and improved efficacy. Mechanisms of drug release and site-specific targeting are examined, with a particular emphasis on recent innovations and patents in the field. The review provides a forward-looking perspective on the integration of these advancements into clinical practice, aiming to transform the landscape of tumor therapy.