Current HIV research · 2026
Proportion and Characteristics of Primary HIV Infection Among Newly Diagnosed Individuals in Istanbul.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Yıldız Ergin Merve, Şahin Selma İlkay, Varol Burçak, İşken Gülben, Yeşilbağ Zuhal, Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu Hayat
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Early identification of Primary HIV İnfection (PHI) is essential to reduce onward transmission and enable prompt initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Despite increasing HIV diagnoses in Türkiye, data on the prevalence and characteristics of PHI remain limited. This study aimed to determine the proportion of PHI among newly diagnosed individuals and to describe and compare the sociodemographic and laboratory characteristics of individuals with PHI and CHI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 225 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV at a tertiary-care center in Istanbul between June 2024 and October 2025. PHI was defined as a documented negative HIV test within the preceding six months together with a history of unprotected high-risk exposure within 2-6 weeks prior to diagnosis. Sociodemographic and laboratory characteristics were compared between PHI and Chronic HIV İnfection (CHI) groups using univariate analyses. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative ability of HIV RNA levels. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was additionally performed to assess adjusted associations with PHI.
RESULTS: Twenty-five individuals (11.1%; 95% CI 7.6-15.9%) met the criteria for PHI. The PHI group tended to be younger and predominantly men who have sex with men. Median HIV RNA levels were significantly higher in PHI than in CHI (693,000 vs. 66,150 copies/mL, p < 0.001), and HIV RNA >1,000,000 copies/mL was more frequent (39.1% vs. 3.0%, p < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC 0.76; 95% CI 0.62-0.89), with high specificity but limited sensitivity. In multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, university-level education remained associated with PHI (adjusted OR 5.97, 95% CI 1.28-27.74; p = 0.023).
DISCUSSION: PHI constituted a substantial proportion of newly diagnosed cases in this study, within the range reported in comparable settings. The observed differences in age and transmission category (predominantly men who have sex with men) may reflect both transmission dynamics and testing patterns. Elevated HIV RNA levels during PHI support its role in increased transmission risk; however, the moderate discriminative performance and limited sensitivity of viral load indicate that it should not be used as a standalone diagnostic marker. These findings highlight the importance of integrating clinical history and exposure risk with laboratory parameters.
CONCLUSION: PHI represents a clinically significant proportion of newly diagnosed HIV cases. Improving early recognition through targeted testing strategies and combined clinical and laboratory assessment may enhance early diagnosis and reduce onward transmission.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 225 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV at a tertiary-care center in Istanbul between June 2024 and October 2025. PHI was defined as a documented negative HIV test within the preceding six months together with a history of unprotected high-risk exposure within 2-6 weeks prior to diagnosis. Sociodemographic and laboratory characteristics were compared between PHI and Chronic HIV İnfection (CHI) groups using univariate analyses. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative ability of HIV RNA levels. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was additionally performed to assess adjusted associations with PHI.
RESULTS: Twenty-five individuals (11.1%; 95% CI 7.6-15.9%) met the criteria for PHI. The PHI group tended to be younger and predominantly men who have sex with men. Median HIV RNA levels were significantly higher in PHI than in CHI (693,000 vs. 66,150 copies/mL, p < 0.001), and HIV RNA >1,000,000 copies/mL was more frequent (39.1% vs. 3.0%, p < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC 0.76; 95% CI 0.62-0.89), with high specificity but limited sensitivity. In multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, university-level education remained associated with PHI (adjusted OR 5.97, 95% CI 1.28-27.74; p = 0.023).
DISCUSSION: PHI constituted a substantial proportion of newly diagnosed cases in this study, within the range reported in comparable settings. The observed differences in age and transmission category (predominantly men who have sex with men) may reflect both transmission dynamics and testing patterns. Elevated HIV RNA levels during PHI support its role in increased transmission risk; however, the moderate discriminative performance and limited sensitivity of viral load indicate that it should not be used as a standalone diagnostic marker. These findings highlight the importance of integrating clinical history and exposure risk with laboratory parameters.
CONCLUSION: PHI represents a clinically significant proportion of newly diagnosed HIV cases. Improving early recognition through targeted testing strategies and combined clinical and laboratory assessment may enhance early diagnosis and reduce onward transmission.