Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides: A Review.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major contributor to global warming and a critical concern worldwide. As an economical, abundant, non-toxic, and renewable C1 resource, its utilization is highly significant. The synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides achieves a 100% atom economy, offering great environmental and economic benefits. Cyclic carbonates are widely used as polar solvents, battery electrolytes, polycarbonate precursors, and chemical feedstocks, showing high application potential. Catalysts lower reaction energy barriers, accelerate reactions, and remain chemically unaltered after the reaction, thus facilitating efficient product isolation. Accordingly, the catalytic conversion of CO2 and epoxides has attracted extensive research interest. This review summarizes the catalysts used in this CO2 fixation reaction and aims to inspire the development of more efficient catalytic systems.