Bridging Energy Storage and Electrochemical Sensing: A Bibliometric and Critical Analysis of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Carbon-Based Nanocomposites.

The convergence of energy storage and electrochemical sensing in a single nanocomposite platform represents a transformative opportunity for next-generation electrochemical interfaces, yet these domains have been largely treated in isolation. This systematic review addresses this gap by analyzing 723 documents from the Scopus database (2010-2026) using RStudio (Bibliometrix, v2023.09.1+494), VOSviewer (v1.6.20), and Plotly Studio (v6.5.0) to map publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution in metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanocomposites. The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output (R2 = 0.954), confirming the consolidation of the field. While energy storage topics (supercapacitors, carbon materials) account for 67% of publications within this sensing-and-storage-filtered corpus, the inclusion of sensing-related search terms demonstrates that biosensors and electrochemical sensing have emerged as equally fundamental pillars. Critically, we identify a high-confidence "multifunctional" cluster-evidenced by the convergence of keywords such as graphene (64.1% confidence) and electrochemical biosensors (54.5%)-indicating a necessary paradigm shift toward integrated platforms that combine storage and detection within a single interface. Geographically, China leads in institutional output, but qualitative excellence is distributed across Germany, India, Taiwan, and South Korea. Graphene remains the dominant transducer platform, while MXenes and metal-organic frameworks are driving multifunctional architectures. This study concludes by identifying structural gaps-namely the historical segregation of storage and sensing research-and proposes a strategic framework to unify both functionalities in future electrochemical interfaces, offering a roadmap for the development of flexible, portable, and sustainable multifunctional devices.