Adaptive Dual-Attention DenseNet for Object-Aware Two-Stage Industrial Defect Detection.

Industrial visual anomaly detection is crucial in intelligent manufacturing to achieve automated quality inspection with low dependency on manual inspection. Nevertheless, traditional single-stage deep learning methods struggle to detect both object classes and fine-grained anomalies across various industrial products. Furthermore, most existing channel attention mechanisms rely on a single attention type, limiting their ability to capture both global contextual information and local channel dependencies. In this paper, we present an Adaptive Dual-Attention Network (ADA-Net) for high-shot, two-stage, supervised industrial anomaly detection. The framework has a hierarchical architecture of two consecutive stages - Stage I for multi-class object classification and Stage II for binary object anomaly detection. The backbone network for feature extraction in both stages is pretrained DenseNet121. We provide an Adaptive Dual-Attention (ADA) module that uses a globally learned scalar fusion coefficient to combine Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) representations for improved feature representation. ADA-Net is tested on the VisA dataset using the conventional 2cls_highshot supervised setup. It employs the weighted cross-entropy loss function, adaptive learning-rate scheduling, and early stopping in training. Experiment results show that our proposed ADA-Net can reach 100% Accuracy, Recall, Precision, ROC-AUC, F1-score, Cohen's Kappa, and MCC in Stage I, and Stage II results include 97.11% Accuracy, 92.84% Precision, 92.45% Recall, 92.64% F1-score, 98.00% ROC-AUC, 0.8529 MCC, and 0.8529 Cohen's Kappa. Ablation experiments and qualitative Grad-CAM analysis support the validity and explainability of the suggested framework on the evaluated VisA benchmark.