Health Management Planning for Landscape Fire Smoke Events: A Literature Review and Suggested Human-Centred Framework for Resource Development.

Poor air quality arising from landscape fire smoke (LFS) events presents a substantial health burden to at-risk individuals and communities. However, there are few dedicated health management resources available for priority populations, despite increasing climate-related landscape fire risks. We conducted a literature review to analyse health management plans and strategies available for at-risk individuals in Australia, Canada and the United States. Our review identified four resources, of which only two were dedicated LFS health action plans, revealing a critical gap in preparedness. Given this scarcity, we suggest a human-centred framework to inform LFS-specific resource development. We propose a design thinking approach to create tailored LFS health action plans for priority populations and healthcare providers and describe the steps a resource development team would take to apply a human-centred framework. This approach addresses both practical management challenges and socio-cultural contexts for implementation.