Current drug delivery · 2026
Pharmacological and Therapeutic Roles of Wild Pistachio and Its Nanoformulations in Endocrine, Metabolic, and Other Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.
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Ahmadirad Hadis, Ahmad Irfan, Noroozi-Karimabad Mojgan
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica, P. atlantica) is a promising natural source of bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, that may help manage metabolic and endocrine disorders through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Nanotechnology further offers opportunities to improve the stability, solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of these compounds.
METHODS: This comprehensive review summarizes recent scientific literature on the phytochemical composition, nutritional value, pharmacological properties, and nanoformulation strategies associated with P. atlantica. Special attention was given to evidence relevant to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and hormone-related disorders.
RESULTS: The reviewed studies indicate that P. atlantica contains biologically active compounds with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, aging-related damage, and carcinogenic processes. Preclinical evidence suggests beneficial effects on metabolic and endocrine pathways, while nanoencapsulation and nanoliposome-based delivery systems may enhance the therapeutic performance of its bioactive constituents by improving stability and absorption.
DISCUSSION: Overall, the available evidence suggests that P. atlantica has considerable therapeutic potential, particularly when combined with nanoformulation approaches that may improve the stability, bioavailability, and delivery of its bioactive constituents. Nevertheless, most of the current evidence is derived from experimental studies, and differences in study design, formulations, and outcome measures make it difficult to draw firm clinical conclusions. Further well-designed translational and clinical research is needed before these findings can be confidently applied in practice.
CONCLUSION: P. atlantica and its nanoformulations represent promising candidates for future supportive interventions in metabolic and endocrine diseases. However, the current evidence is largely preclinical, and further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy, safety, and translational potential.
METHODS: This comprehensive review summarizes recent scientific literature on the phytochemical composition, nutritional value, pharmacological properties, and nanoformulation strategies associated with P. atlantica. Special attention was given to evidence relevant to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and hormone-related disorders.
RESULTS: The reviewed studies indicate that P. atlantica contains biologically active compounds with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, aging-related damage, and carcinogenic processes. Preclinical evidence suggests beneficial effects on metabolic and endocrine pathways, while nanoencapsulation and nanoliposome-based delivery systems may enhance the therapeutic performance of its bioactive constituents by improving stability and absorption.
DISCUSSION: Overall, the available evidence suggests that P. atlantica has considerable therapeutic potential, particularly when combined with nanoformulation approaches that may improve the stability, bioavailability, and delivery of its bioactive constituents. Nevertheless, most of the current evidence is derived from experimental studies, and differences in study design, formulations, and outcome measures make it difficult to draw firm clinical conclusions. Further well-designed translational and clinical research is needed before these findings can be confidently applied in practice.
CONCLUSION: P. atlantica and its nanoformulations represent promising candidates for future supportive interventions in metabolic and endocrine diseases. However, the current evidence is largely preclinical, and further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy, safety, and translational potential.