Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026
Analysis of morphologic and morphometric features of the temporomandibular joint in patients with and without temporomandibular disorders.
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Hegde Shruthi, Ajila Vidya, Hegde Chethan, Ravi Marakini Subrahmanya
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common craniofacial conditions characterized by pain and functional limitation. The study was conducted to investigate the association of morphology and morphometric features of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with TMD using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 264 TMJs using CBCT of 132 patients within the age range of 18-60 years. The study comprised 66 patients with TMD in the study group and 66 patients without TMD in control group. Parameters analyzed included shape of condyle, glenoid fossa, bony changes, condylar height and width, joint space dimensions, roof of glenoid fossa(RGF) thickness, width and depth. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Holm-Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was defined at an adjusted alpha level of <0.05. Effect sizes were calculated for all comparisons.
RESULTS: Females predominated in both the study (66.7%) and control (69.7%) groups. Among TMD patients, 16.7% presented with muscle disorders, 42.4% with disc displacement, and 40.9% with joint disorders. Angle-shaped condyles were more frequent in TMD patients on the left side (p = 0.037) and on the right side (p = 0.12); however, after adjustment, p-values exceeded 0.05. Glenoid fossa morphology showed no significant bilateral differences. Degenerative changes were significantly associated with TMD (p < 0.001). The RGF was significantly thinner in cases on the left (p = 0.002) and right (p = 0.007) sides. On comparison of the means of right and left morphometric parameters between cases and controls, reduced RGF in cases was statistically significant (p = 0.008), and other parameters demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05). Intra-examiner reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.94).
CONCLUSION: The present morphometric analysis revealed a significant association between reduced RGF thickness and TMDs, warranting further validation in longitudinal studies. Bilateral variations in TMJ morphology underscore the importance of assessing both sides independently, while degenerative changes detected in over one-third of patients highlight the value of CBCT in comprehensive evaluations. Importantly, the normative dataset generated here provides a regional anatomical reference for TMJ prosthesis design and supports CBCT-based evaluation in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 264 TMJs using CBCT of 132 patients within the age range of 18-60 years. The study comprised 66 patients with TMD in the study group and 66 patients without TMD in control group. Parameters analyzed included shape of condyle, glenoid fossa, bony changes, condylar height and width, joint space dimensions, roof of glenoid fossa(RGF) thickness, width and depth. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Holm-Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was defined at an adjusted alpha level of <0.05. Effect sizes were calculated for all comparisons.
RESULTS: Females predominated in both the study (66.7%) and control (69.7%) groups. Among TMD patients, 16.7% presented with muscle disorders, 42.4% with disc displacement, and 40.9% with joint disorders. Angle-shaped condyles were more frequent in TMD patients on the left side (p = 0.037) and on the right side (p = 0.12); however, after adjustment, p-values exceeded 0.05. Glenoid fossa morphology showed no significant bilateral differences. Degenerative changes were significantly associated with TMD (p < 0.001). The RGF was significantly thinner in cases on the left (p = 0.002) and right (p = 0.007) sides. On comparison of the means of right and left morphometric parameters between cases and controls, reduced RGF in cases was statistically significant (p = 0.008), and other parameters demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05). Intra-examiner reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.94).
CONCLUSION: The present morphometric analysis revealed a significant association between reduced RGF thickness and TMDs, warranting further validation in longitudinal studies. Bilateral variations in TMJ morphology underscore the importance of assessing both sides independently, while degenerative changes detected in over one-third of patients highlight the value of CBCT in comprehensive evaluations. Importantly, the normative dataset generated here provides a regional anatomical reference for TMJ prosthesis design and supports CBCT-based evaluation in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.