Frontiers in psychology · 2026
Extracurricular multilateral training incorporating cognitive-motor activities and its effects on motor proficiency, cognitive ability, and problematic internet use in adolescents.
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Nurulfa Rizky, Klavina Aija, Melczer Csaba
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: After-school physical activity programs may enhance adolescents' motor and cognitive development, but evidence regarding their effects on problematic internet use (PIU) remains limited.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of a 12 week extracurricular multilateral training (EMT) program incorporating cognitive-motor activities on motor proficiency (MP), cognitive ability (CA), and problematic internet use (PIU) among Indonesian adolescents, while accounting for baseline outcomes, daily physical activity, gender, and parental education.
METHODS: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial included Indonesian junior high school students participating in a 12-week EMT program delivered twice weekly. MP, CA, and PIU were prespecified as the three primary outcomes and were assessed pre- and post-intervention. ANCOVA compared post-intervention outcomes between the EMT and control groups, adjusting for the corresponding baseline score, daily physical activity, gender, and parental education. Pearson correlations examined associations among baseline outcomes.
RESULTS: The EMT group demonstrated significantly higher post-intervention MP and CA scores and a significantly lower PIU score than the control group after adjustment for the corresponding baseline outcome, daily physical activity duration, gender, and parental education (all p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.163-0.422). At baseline, CA was positively associated with MP and negatively associated with PIU in both groups, while MP was negatively associated with PIU only in the EMT group (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A 12 week extracurricular multilateral training program incorporating cognitive-motor activities improved motor proficiency and cognitive ability and reduced problematic internet use among Indonesian adolescents. These findings support the inclusion of structured, cognitively engaging multilateral training in school-based after-school physical activity programs to promote adolescents' physical, cognitive, and behavioral health.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of a 12 week extracurricular multilateral training (EMT) program incorporating cognitive-motor activities on motor proficiency (MP), cognitive ability (CA), and problematic internet use (PIU) among Indonesian adolescents, while accounting for baseline outcomes, daily physical activity, gender, and parental education.
METHODS: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial included Indonesian junior high school students participating in a 12-week EMT program delivered twice weekly. MP, CA, and PIU were prespecified as the three primary outcomes and were assessed pre- and post-intervention. ANCOVA compared post-intervention outcomes between the EMT and control groups, adjusting for the corresponding baseline score, daily physical activity, gender, and parental education. Pearson correlations examined associations among baseline outcomes.
RESULTS: The EMT group demonstrated significantly higher post-intervention MP and CA scores and a significantly lower PIU score than the control group after adjustment for the corresponding baseline outcome, daily physical activity duration, gender, and parental education (all p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.163-0.422). At baseline, CA was positively associated with MP and negatively associated with PIU in both groups, while MP was negatively associated with PIU only in the EMT group (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A 12 week extracurricular multilateral training program incorporating cognitive-motor activities improved motor proficiency and cognitive ability and reduced problematic internet use among Indonesian adolescents. These findings support the inclusion of structured, cognitively engaging multilateral training in school-based after-school physical activity programs to promote adolescents' physical, cognitive, and behavioral health.