[Fistula, fissure, abscess].

Anal fistulas, anal fissures and anal abscesses are common disorders of the anorectal region that can often only be cured durably by operation. The acute anal fissure can usually be treated successfully by conservative means, whereas the chronical anal fissure can be cured by local fissurectomy as a rule. Primary anal abscesses and anal fistulas are different phenomena resulting from an infection of the proctodeal glands. The acute form, the anal abscess, always requires wide opening and drainage. Caudal intersphincteric and -trans-sphincteric anal fistulas can be cured by the division method. Types of anal fistulas that occur higher can be treated effectively by a special operative technique developed on the basis of the method of Parks.