Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026
Cross-sectional correlates and indirect associations linking parental warmth to scores on a study-specific gaming-related symptom index in senior-high-school and university students.
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Zhou Ruoyu, Yang Wenjie, Gao Haotian, Zhao Ruifeng
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Game escape motivation has been associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD) in previous research, but its role in family-linked associations remains unclear.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of Chinese senior-high-school students (n = 145) and university students (n = 285), we estimated parallel indirect-association models linking parental warmth to scores on an 11-item study-specific gaming-related symptom index through escape motivation, self-control, and emotional distress. The index was substantially adapted from the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) and has not undergone independent validation.
RESULTS: Emotional distress statistically accounted for part of the association between parental warmth and index scores in both groups, and an indirect association through self-control was detected in the senior-high-school group. Escape motivation showed positive adjusted coefficients, but no indirect association through escape motivation was detected in either group.
DISCUSSION: These findings concern scores on an unvalidated study-specific measure, not established IGD symptom severity. The cross-sectional design does not establish temporal mechanisms or developmental differences.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of Chinese senior-high-school students (n = 145) and university students (n = 285), we estimated parallel indirect-association models linking parental warmth to scores on an 11-item study-specific gaming-related symptom index through escape motivation, self-control, and emotional distress. The index was substantially adapted from the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) and has not undergone independent validation.
RESULTS: Emotional distress statistically accounted for part of the association between parental warmth and index scores in both groups, and an indirect association through self-control was detected in the senior-high-school group. Escape motivation showed positive adjusted coefficients, but no indirect association through escape motivation was detected in either group.
DISCUSSION: These findings concern scores on an unvalidated study-specific measure, not established IGD symptom severity. The cross-sectional design does not establish temporal mechanisms or developmental differences.