Model-based analysis of OAM mode splitting for flexible mode content design.

We propose an environment-coupled dynamic model to analyze the mode splitting of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams propagating in complex environments and suppress the mode splitting through pre-compensated OAM. The feasibility of the model in analyzing mode splitting and splitting suppression was demonstrated through spatial light modulators, generated turbulence, and water flow experiments. Furthermore, we designed the mode content and relative argument for multiple-emitted-beam multiplexing and realized binary encoding based on mode content control. This study provides a physically analyzable approach for the stable propagation of OAM beams passing through an inhomogeneous medium, and also provides a research paradigm for the propagation analysis of other structured beams in complex environments.