Immunotherapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is present in the malignant cells of several human cancers including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, natural killer/T lymphomas and Burkitt's lymphoma. Yet in > 90% of the world's adult population, who carry EBV as a lifelong asymptomatic infection, the oncogenic potential of this virus is controlled by a strong virus-specific T-cell response. Accordingly, EBV-associated malignancies represent good candidates for a T-cell-based therapy and provide an important model for developing such therapies for other human cancers. This review summarizes the impressive results seen with T-cell therapy for PTLD and discusses, in the light of recent technological advances, the prospects for developing more effective approaches for other EBV-associated cancers.