[Nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in pediatric cancer survivors ‒ A systematic review].

INTRODUCTION

the increase in pediatric cancer survival has led to a growing population of survivors at higher risk of developing long-term cardiovascular complications, in which nutritional status has emerged as a potential modulator of cardiometabolic risk.

OBJECTIVES

to systematically and critically analyze the available scientific evidence on the relationship between nutritional status and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in pediatric cancer survivors.

METHODS

a systematic literature review was conducted through a structured search in scientific databases, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive and comparative approaches.

RESULTS

findings indicate that survivors present an increased risk of cardiovascular complications primarily associated with exposure to cardiotoxic therapies. Additionally, both undernutrition and overweight/obesity were identified as factors related to a higher risk of cardiotoxicity and cardiometabolic alterations, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Evidence regarding nutritional interventions remains limited and heterogeneous.

CONCLUSIONS

nutritional status plays a relevant role in the development of cardiovascular complications in this population. Its integration into long-term follow-up care could contribute to the prevention of adverse events and to improving the quality of life of pediatric cancer survivors.