BJUI compass · 2026
Association between human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis and risk of penoscrotal conditions in adult males: A propensity-matched retrospective cohort study.
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Zolfaghari Hossein A, Nanotkar Melissa, Riestra Juan, Popovic Aleksandar, Atar Diba, Alwaal Amjad
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the temporal association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis and subsequent development of penoscrotal conditions including priapism, phimosis, epididymo-orchitis, testicular torsion and paraphimosis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A propensity-matched retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Adult males with HIV (B20) were matched 1:1 to controls on age and race. Outcomes were assessed over a 10-year follow-up period using the Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS: Following matching, cohort sizes ranged from 48 615 to 65 423 patients per group. HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly increased rates of priapism (HR 1.892, 95% CI 1.115-3.210, p = 0.0162), phimosis (HR 2.364, 95% CI 1.631-3.428, p < 0.0001) and epididymo-orchitis (HR 2.346, 95% CI 2.116-2.602, p < 0.0001). No significant association was observed for testicular torsion (HR 1.579, 95% CI 0.756-3.295, p = 0.2200). Paraphimosis could not be evaluated in the corrected analysis due to insufficient data.
CONCLUSION: HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly elevated rates of priapism, phimosis and epididymo-orchitis, while no significant association was observed for testicular torsion. These findings are hypothesis-generating, and prospective studies with more granular clinical data are needed to confirm and characterize these associations.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A propensity-matched retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Adult males with HIV (B20) were matched 1:1 to controls on age and race. Outcomes were assessed over a 10-year follow-up period using the Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS: Following matching, cohort sizes ranged from 48 615 to 65 423 patients per group. HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly increased rates of priapism (HR 1.892, 95% CI 1.115-3.210, p = 0.0162), phimosis (HR 2.364, 95% CI 1.631-3.428, p < 0.0001) and epididymo-orchitis (HR 2.346, 95% CI 2.116-2.602, p < 0.0001). No significant association was observed for testicular torsion (HR 1.579, 95% CI 0.756-3.295, p = 0.2200). Paraphimosis could not be evaluated in the corrected analysis due to insufficient data.
CONCLUSION: HIV diagnosis was associated with significantly elevated rates of priapism, phimosis and epididymo-orchitis, while no significant association was observed for testicular torsion. These findings are hypothesis-generating, and prospective studies with more granular clinical data are needed to confirm and characterize these associations.