European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
Mobilization and luxation of the stapes during robot-assisted otosclerosis surgery: force and distance analysis.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
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Daoudi Hannah, Nguyen Yann, Torres Renato, Ferrary Evelyne, Sheppard Sean C
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To evaluate the forces and distances applied during robot-assisted stapes mobilization and stapedovestibular luxation in temporal bone specimens.
METHODS: The inner ear of 12 cadaveric human temporal bones was filled with methylene blue dye via the superior semicircular canal and internal auditory canal under a controlled static pressure of 10 cm H₂O. The stapes footplate was fixed with hydroxyapatite cement. Stapes robot-assisted mobilization was performed until the stapes could be freely mobilized without fluid leakage at the annular ligament, followed by stapedovestibular luxation until fluid leakage occurred. A six-axis force sensor (Nano17, ATI) recorded peak forces (N) during each manipulation. Distance (mm) of the tool against the long process of the incus was also measured.
RESULTS: Stapes mobilization and stapedovestibular luxation required maximal forces of 1.4 ± 0.18 N and 2.6 ± 0.31 N (p = 0.0054, Mann-Whitney test), respectively. Distance was 1.5 ± 0.24 mm and 1.9 ± 0.13 mm for stapes mobilization and stapedovestibular luxation, respectively (NS, Mann-Whitney test). Incus luxation happened in four manipulations at a force of 2.0 ± 0.61 N and distance of 2.5 ± 0.59 mm.
CONCLUSION: Under the experimental conditions of this study, successful stapes mobilization appeared associated with manipulation within the stapes plane and forces and distances generally below approximately 1.5 N and 1.5 mm, respectively, requiring further clinical validation.
METHODS: The inner ear of 12 cadaveric human temporal bones was filled with methylene blue dye via the superior semicircular canal and internal auditory canal under a controlled static pressure of 10 cm H₂O. The stapes footplate was fixed with hydroxyapatite cement. Stapes robot-assisted mobilization was performed until the stapes could be freely mobilized without fluid leakage at the annular ligament, followed by stapedovestibular luxation until fluid leakage occurred. A six-axis force sensor (Nano17, ATI) recorded peak forces (N) during each manipulation. Distance (mm) of the tool against the long process of the incus was also measured.
RESULTS: Stapes mobilization and stapedovestibular luxation required maximal forces of 1.4 ± 0.18 N and 2.6 ± 0.31 N (p = 0.0054, Mann-Whitney test), respectively. Distance was 1.5 ± 0.24 mm and 1.9 ± 0.13 mm for stapes mobilization and stapedovestibular luxation, respectively (NS, Mann-Whitney test). Incus luxation happened in four manipulations at a force of 2.0 ± 0.61 N and distance of 2.5 ± 0.59 mm.
CONCLUSION: Under the experimental conditions of this study, successful stapes mobilization appeared associated with manipulation within the stapes plane and forces and distances generally below approximately 1.5 N and 1.5 mm, respectively, requiring further clinical validation.